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\begin{document}

\title{Exeter Chess Club: 
Playing Black in e - pawn games
}

\author{Dr. Dave}

\maketitle
\tableofcontents





An Exeter Junior Chess Club booklet

Edition 2.9, April, 95 

Bibliography:

Kasparov/Keene, {\em Batsford Chess Openings}

Levy/Keene, {\em An Opening Repertoire for the Attacking Club Player}

Walker, {\em Chess Openings for Juniors}

{\em Various magazines and other books} 


\chapter{
Introduction
}
 The two general opening rules are:

{\bf Rule 1: Develop as fast and as actively as you can}

{\bf Rule 2: Get a stake in the centre, and try to stop your opponent}

What does this mean in the e-pawn openings?

Plan A for White:

{\bf try and build a big centre with c3,d4 etc.}

{\bf try and destroy Black's hold in the centre with f4 or d4}

You can see that the move d4 may do both: after ...exd4, cxd4 Black's
centre pawn has disappeared and White has the perfect pawn centre.  This is the
worst case for Black

Plan A for Black: 

{\bf Rule 1: develop as fast as you can}

{\bf Rule 2: try to hang on to your own stake in the centre, or at least make
sure you destroy White's as well.  }

Both sides may be able to maintain the e-pawn centre with pawns on
e4/e5, or these may disappear and both sides have a central d-pawn (d4/d5).
Lastly, all four central pawns may vanish.  In each case Black should have
equal play.

{\bf if White doesn't do much, grab as much of the centre as you can}

Again, the move ...d5 often forms part of Black's plans.  If Black can
play this in safety, you will usually have equalised at least.

\paragraph{e-pawn centre}
With or without the d-pawns  
the natural break is         
f4/...f5, and either side    
can hope to plant a Knight   
on f4/f5.                    
                             
\paragraph{d-pawn centre}
 The open e-file usually       
 means exchanges of the        
 heavy pieces, as neither      
 side can afford to abandon    
 control of the file.  The     
 right square to plonk a       
 Knight is e4/e5               

\paragraph{vanished centre}
With both files open          
exchanges are likely, and     
unless one side can sieze     
the centre by force, or has   
the two bishops, play is      
drawish.                      
                              



So, let's have a look at some variations.


\chapter{
Analysis 
}


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3\protect\end{chess}}


\board{rnbqkbnr}
{pppp*ppp}
{ * * * *}
{* * p * }
{ * *P* *}
{* * *N* }
{PPPP PPP}
{RNBQKB*R}
$$\showboard$$


The commonest and probably the best move here, but there are alternatives.  We
divide this booklet into:

White plays\protect\begin{chess} 2. Nf3\protect\end{chess}

Less usual tries for White


\chapter{
Less usual tries for White
}
\section{
The Vienna Opening, 2. Nc3
}

\board{rnbqkbnr}
{pppp*ppp}
{ * * * *}
{* * p * }
{ * *P* *}
{* N * * }
{PPPP PPP}
{R BQKBNR}
$$\showboard$$


This old move is not bad: it threatens nothing but holds up Black's ...d5, and
leaves open the possibility of\protect\begin{chess} 3. f4\protect\end{chess}.  How should Black reply?

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 2.:  Nf6\protect\end{chess} }

This is Rule 1: develop as fast and as actively as you can 

White has several choices here:\protect\begin{chess} 3. f4, 3. Bc4\protect\end{chess} and\protect\begin{chess} 3. g3\protect\end{chess} are common
\subsection{
Vienna Gambit, 3. f4
}

\board{rnbqkb r}
{pppp*ppp}
{ * * n *}
{* * p * }
{ * *PP *}
{* N * * }
{PPPP *PP}
{R BQKBNR}
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  3.:  d5\protect\end{chess} }

And this is Rule 2: keep hold of your share of the centre, or hit back
with ...d5.  [The move\protect\begin{chess} 3.: d6\protect\end{chess} looks half-right, but blocks in the Bf8 and gives
up on playing ...d5.\protect\begin{chess} 3.: d5\protect\end{chess} is all right.]

Now you should get an equal game, although, as always, you must be careful.

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 4. f*e5\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}4. e*d5 e*f4 5. d4 Bd6 6. Qe2+ Kf8!\protect\end{chess} Inkiov-Pinter, 1982.  BCO2 give
this as a slight edge to Black]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  4.:  N*e4\protect\end{chess}}


\board{rnbqkb r}
{ppp *ppp}
{ * * * *}
{* *pP * }
{ * *n* *}
{* N * * }
{PPPP *PP}
{R BQKBNR}
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5. d3\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [Natural development by\protect\begin{chess} 5. Nf3 Be7 6. d4 O-O 7. Bd3 f5 8. e*f6 B*f6
9. O-O Nc6 10. Ne2 Bf5 11. c3 Qd7 12. Bf4 Rae8\protect\end{chess} leads to a level d-pawn type of
centre}


\board{ * *rrk*}
{pppq* pp}
{ *n* b *}
{* *p*b* }
{ * PnB *}
{* PB*N* }
{PP *N*PP}
{R *Q*RK }
$$\showboard$$




Now after\protect\begin{chess} 5. d3\protect\end{chess} Black can simplify carefully and gain equality:

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5.:  N*c3 6. b*c3 d4\protect\end{chess} }

{\em\protect\begin{chess} 6.: Be7\protect\end{chess} is more solid-looking, perhaps}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 7. Nf3 Nc6 8. c*d4 N*d4\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [Instead\protect\begin{chess} 8.:  Bb4+ 9. Bd2 B*d2+ 10. Q*d2 N*d4 11. c3 N*f3+ 12. g*f3
Qh4+ 13. Qf2 Q*f2+ 14. K*f2 f6\protect\end{chess} is level:}


\board{r*b*k* r}
{ppp * pp}
{ * * p *}
{* * P * }
{ * * * *}
{* PP*P* }
{P* * K P}
{R * *B*R}
$$\showboard$$


{\em ]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 9. c3 N*f3+ 10. Q*f3 c6 11. d4 Qh4+ 12. g3 Qg4 13. Bg2 Q*f3 14. B*f3
Be6\protect\end{chess}}

with a level endgame; not much chance for Black to win in this line I'm
afraid. 
\subsection{
Vienna Game with 3. g3
}

\board{rnbqkb r}
{pppp*ppp}
{ * * n *}
{* * p * }
{ * *P* *}
{* N * P }
{PPPP P P}
{R BQKBNR}
$$\showboard$$


This line was fashionable amongst masters a few years ago.  White isn't doing
much, so just follow rules one and two: first develop:

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 3.:  Bc5 4. Bg2 O-O 5. d3 Re8\protect\end{chess} }

Then hit back with ...d5.

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 6. Nge2 c6 7. O-O d5 8. e*d5 N*d5 9. Kh1 Bg4\protect\end{chess} =}




\board{rn qr*k*}
{pp* *ppp}
{ *p* * *}
{* bnp * }
{ * * *b*}
{* NP* P }
{PPP*NPBP}
{R BQ*R*K}
$$\showboard$$


with a level game, as in Portisch-Toran 1961.


\subsection{
Vienna Game with 3. Bc4
}

\board{rnbqkb r}
{pppp*ppp}
{ * * n *}
{* * p * }
{ *B*P* *}
{* N * * }
{PPPP PPP}
{R BQK NR}
$$\showboard$$


If White plays this I recommend you reply

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  3.:  Nc6\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [There is an exciting line\protect\begin{chess} 3.:  N*e4 4. Qh5 Nd6 5. Bb3\protect\end{chess}}


\board{rnbqkb r}
{pppp*ppp}
{ * n * *}
{* * p *Q}
{ * * * *}
{*BN * * }
{PPPP PPP}
{R B K NR}
$$\showboard$$


{\em when Black can survive with ... Be7, but I don't think you should let White
get into this line]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  4. d3 Bb4 5. Nf3 d6 6. O-O B*c3 7. b*c3 Na5\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [Fritz reckons you should play\protect\begin{chess} 7.:  h6\protect\end{chess}]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  8. Bb3 N*b3 9. c*b3\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bqk* r}
{ppp *ppp}
{ * p n *}
{* * p * }
{ * *P* *}
{*PPP*N* }
{P* * PPP}
{R BQ*RK }
$$\showboard$$


When play is level.


\section{
Bishop's opening, 2. Bc4
}

\board{rnbqkbnr}
{pppp*ppp}
{ * * * *}
{* * p * }
{ *B*P* *}
{* * * * }
{PPPP PPP}
{RNBQK NR}
$$\showboard$$


This became fashionable as a way of avoiding the Petroff.  The right move is:

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 2.:  Nf6\protect\end{chess} }

Now White's most common move is:

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 3. d3\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [The line\protect\begin{chess} 3. d4 e*d4 4. Nf3\protect\end{chess} is the dangerous Urusoff Gambit\protect\begin{chess} 4.: N*e4\protect\end{chess}
when\protect\begin{chess} 5. Q*d4 Nf6 6. Bg5 Be7 7. Nc3 c6 8. O-O\protect\end{chess}-O d5\protect\begin{chess} 9. Rhe1 Be6\protect\end{chess} leads to a strong
attacking game for White}


\board{rn qk* r}
{pp* bppp}
{ *p*bn *}
{* *p* B }
{ *BQ * *}
{* N *N* }
{PPP* PPP}
{* KRR * }
$$\showboard$$


{\em Simply\protect\begin{chess} 4.:  Nc6 5. O-O\protect\end{chess} transposes to the Two Knights' lines below]}



{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 3.:  Nc6 4. Nf3\protect\end{chess} }

This transposes to a quiet line of the Italian ({\em Giuoco Piano/Two
Knights'}) group of openings

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}4. f4\protect\end{chess} is the only attempt to be original, but is a poor version of the
King's Gambit where White has been committed to d2-d3.  One line might
go:}

{\em\protect\begin{chess} 4.: e*f4 5. e5 d5 6. e*f6 d*c4 7. f*g7 B*g7 8. B*f4 c*d3 9. c*d3 Qe7+ 10.
Ne2 B*b2,\protect\end{chess} when White is in all sorts of trouble]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  4.:  Be7 5. O-O O-O 6. Bb3\protect\end{chess}}

Having developed quickly, you are now ready for:

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 6.: d5 7. e*d5 N*d5 8. Re1 Bg4 9. h3\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r* q rk*}
{ppp bppp}
{ *n* * *}
{* *np * }
{ * * *b*}
{*B*P*N*P}
{PPP* PP*}
{RNBQR K }
$$\showboard$$


Now, the book line goes:

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 9.:  Bh5 10. g4 Bg6 11. N*e5 N*e5 12. R*e5,\protect\end{chess} }

when BCO2 gives: 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 12.: Nb6!\protect\end{chess}= }


\board{r* q rk*}
{ppp bppp}
{ n * *b*}
{* * R * }
{ * * *P*}
{*B*P* *P}
{PPP* P *}
{RNBQ* K }
$$\showboard$$


{\bf Dolmatov-Chekhov, 1981. }

This is a move Gary Lane ignores in his popular book.

But Lane does suggest the magnificent mess starting: 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 9.:  B*f3\protect\end{chess} }

e.g.

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 10. Q*f3 Nd4 11. Q*d5\protect\end{chess} }

{\bf Qxd5\protect\begin{chess} 12. B*d5 N*c2\protect\end{chess}}

If you prefer this sort of game, this is a nice try.

{\bf  }
\section{
The King's Gambit, 2. f4
}

\board{rnbqkbnr}
{pppp*ppp}
{ * * * *}
{* * p * }
{ * *PP *}
{* * * * }
{PPPP *PP}
{RNBQKBNR}
$$\showboard$$


 Emanuel Lasker, world champion after Steinitz, said that gambit pawns should
always be taken if you haven't broken any opening rules.  He adds, you take
them, not to hang on to them, but to make your opponent waste time and energy
getting the pawn back.  Meanwhile, you can develop and prepare to hit back.

 This is good advice, but just as in the Vienna Gambit, we will also look
quickly at a line with ...d5.

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 2.:  d5 3. e*d5\protect\end{chess} }

Now you can try the relatively unanalysed\protect\begin{chess}  3.: c6\protect\end{chess}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 3.: c6\protect\end{chess}}


\board{rnbqkbnr}
{pp* *ppp}
{ *p* * *}
{* *Pp * }
{ * * P *}
{* * * * }
{PPPP *PP}
{RNBQKBNR}
$$\showboard$$


The Nimzovitch counter-gambit;\protect\begin{chess} 3.: e4\protect\end{chess} is the old Falkbeer counter-gambit.
Either way you get a good gambit line of your own against the King's Gambit.
But Lasker would undoubtedly play:

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 2.:  e*f4\protect\end{chess} }

Now White has two main ways of continuing:

(a) King's Bishop's Gambit,\protect\begin{chess} 3. Bc4\protect\end{chess}

(b) King's Knight's Gambit,\protect\begin{chess} 3. Nf3\protect\end{chess} 


\subsection{
King's Bishop's Gambit, 3. Bc4
}

\board{rnbqkbnr}
{pppp*ppp}
{ * * * *}
{* * * * }
{ *B*Pp *}
{* * * * }
{PPPP *PP}
{RNBQK NR}
$$\showboard$$


Black can play simply 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 3.:  Nf6\protect\end{chess} (Rule 1) }

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 4. Nc3 c6\protect\end{chess} (Rule 2) }

with good chances.


\subsection{
King's Knight's Gambit, 3. Nf3 
}
I have always liked

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  3.:  Be7\protect\end{chess}}


\board{rnbqk*nr}
{ppppbppp}
{ * * * *}
{* * * * }
{ * *Pp *}
{* * *N* }
{PPPP *PP}
{RNBQKB*R}
$$\showboard$$


This Cunningham Variation reinforces the ancient weakness on the e1-h4
diagonal, and covers the e-file.

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 4. Bc4\protect\end{chess} }

Now\protect\begin{chess} 4.: Bh4+\protect\end{chess} is a fair try, but it's easier to go

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 4.: Nf6 5. e5\protect\end{chess} }

Alternatives include 

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}5. Nc3 c6\protect\end{chess}]}

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}5. O-O d5\protect\end{chess}]}

but these should cause you no trouble.  After\protect\begin{chess} 5. e5\protect\end{chess}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  5.:  Ng4 6. O-O d6\protect\end{chess}}

 Black has an equal game.
\section{
Centre Game and; Danish Gambit, 2. d4
}

\board{rnbqkbnr}
{pppp*ppp}
{ * * * *}
{* * p * }
{ * PP* *}
{* * * * }
{PPP* PPP}
{RNBQKBNR}
$$\showboard$$


Don't mess around, just play

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 2.:  e*d4\protect\end{chess} }

Now White has a choice:

(a) Centre Game,\protect\begin{chess} 3. Q*d4\protect\end{chess}

(b) Danish Gambit,\protect\begin{chess} 3. c3\protect\end{chess} 

 or White can try to transpose into the Scotch with\protect\begin{chess} 3. Nf3\protect\end{chess}.
\subsection{
Centre Game, 3. Qxd4
}

\board{rnbqkbnr}
{pppp*ppp}
{ * * * *}
{* * * * }
{ * QP* *}
{* * * * }
{PPP* PPP}
{RNB KBNR}
$$\showboard$$


This exposes the Q to attack, when it is hard to find a good retreat.

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 3.:  Nc6 4. Qe3 Nf6 5. Nc3 Be7\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [or\protect\begin{chess} 5.:  Bb4 6. Bd2 O-O 7. O-O\protect\end{chess}-O Re8\protect\begin{chess} 8. Bc4 d6 9. f3 Na5 10. Bb3 Be6\protect\end{chess}
=+}


\board{r* qr*k*}
{ppp *ppp}
{ * pbn *}
{n * * * }
{ b *P* *}
{*BN QP* }
{PPPB *PP}
{* KR* NR}
$$\showboard$$


{\em with slight advantage to Black, according to BCO2]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  6. Bd2 d5 7. e*d5 N*d5 8. N*d5 Q*d5\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*b*k* r}
{ppp bppp}
{ *n* * *}
{* *q* * }
{ * * * *}
{* * Q * }
{PPPB PPP}
{R * KBNR}
$$\showboard$$


Black is ahead in development, which makes the opposite-side castling difficult
to play for White.  The game is equal.


\subsection{
Danish Gambit, 3. c3 
}

\board{rnbqkbnr}
{pppp*ppp}
{ * * * *}
{* * * * }
{ * pP* *}
{* P * * }
{PP * PPP}
{RNBQKBNR}
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 3.:  d*c3\protect\end{chess} (Lasker!)}

{\em [Although\protect\begin{chess} 3.:  Qe7\protect\end{chess} is an interesting way of declining]}

Now\protect\begin{chess} 4. N*c3\protect\end{chess} is a sort of `half-Danish', and is likely to transpose to
the Goring Gambit, dealt with under the Scotch Game section below.  The Danish
proper is:

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  4. Bc4 c*b2 5. B*b2\protect\end{chess}}


\board{rnbqkbnr}
{pppp*ppp}
{ * * * *}
{* * * * }
{ *B*P* *}
{* * * * }
{PB * PPP}
{RN*QK NR}
$$\showboard$$


When White has a genuinely dangerous lead in development.  Correct technique
here is to return some of the material to get your own development back on
track.

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5.:  d5 6. B*d5 Bb4+\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [or\protect\begin{chess} 6.:  Nf6 7. B*f7+ K*f7 8. Q*d8 Bb4+ 9. Qd2 B*d2+ 10. N*d2\protect\end{chess}}


\board{rnb* * r}
{ppp *kpp}
{ * * n *}
{* * * * }
{ * *P* *}
{* * * * }
{PB N PPP}
{R * K NR}
$$\showboard$$


is a level ending with rival majorities, and is as good try to win as any for
Black.]

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 7. Nc3 Nf6\protect\end{chess}}


\board{rnbqk* r}
{ppp *ppp}
{ * * n *}
{* *B* * }
{ b *P* *}
{* N * * }
{PB * PPP}
{R *QK NR}
$$\showboard$$


when Black has good chances of an advantage - either securing the two bishops
in an open position, or developing quickly and then keeping the pawn.  If you
find yourself as Black thinking about odd or cramped moves just to try and hang
on to the pawn, my advice is: let it go. 


\chapter{
White plays 2. Nf3
}
The best reply, is, of course:
\section{
.. Nc6 
}
White has a few different tries here, the main ones being 


\board{r*bqkbnr}
{pppp*ppp}
{ *n* * *}
{* * p * }
{ * *P* *}
{* * *N* }
{PPPP PPP}
{RNBQKB*R}
$$\showboard$$\protect\begin{chess}


3. Bb5,\protect\end{chess} the Ruy Lopez\protect\begin{chess}

3. d4,\protect\end{chess} the Scotch Game\protect\begin{chess}

3. Bc4,\protect\end{chess} the Italian game which can lead to the Giuoco Piano.  Here I recommend
the Two Knights' Defence.
\section{
Ruy Lopez, 3. Bb5
}

\board{r*bqkbnr}
{pppp*ppp}
{ *n* * *}
{*B* p * }
{ * *P* *}
{* * *N* }
{PPPP PPP}
{RNBQK *R}
$$\showboard$$


This is the most important move at master level.  The `Spanish torture' (Ruy
Lopez was a Spanish priest) is the main winning weapon for White and has held
centre stage for hundreds of years.  At junior level, though, there are a few
ways to play it, depending on how much you trust your opponent to play lines
you like.  John Walker recommends the exciting Open Morphy Defence with\protect\begin{chess}
5.: N*e4,\protect\end{chess} but White can veer off into some really dull lines on moves 4 and 5,
and if anything your two moves tempt White to play a dull line.  The Open
Morphy is very well known and hard to play for both sides, so I'll throw in one
more alternative: the Archangel Variation. See what you think for yourself.  

My own recommendation is the old Cordel Defence with

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 3.:  Bc5\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bqk*nr}
{pppp*ppp}
{ *n* * *}
{*Bb p * }
{ * *P* *}
{* * *N* }
{PPPP PPP}
{RNBQK *R}
$$\showboard$$


 Bobby Fischer played this a few times in the `sixties, and never had any
trouble reaching a level game.  It avoids any trouble you may have with the
Exchange Variation and Lopez Four Knights' lines below.  Let's look at how you
can try and get into the Open Morphy lines, and perhaps then you can will see
why I started looking at the Cordel line.

 To get into the Open Morphy line you play

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 3.:  a6\protect\end{chess} }

hoping for 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 4. Ba4\protect\end{chess} }

White has an important alternative here, which might be played just out
of nerves.
\subsection{
The Exchange variation 4. Bxc6
}
After 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 4. B*c6 d*c6\protect\end{chess} }


\board{r*bqkbnr}
{*pp *ppp}
{p*p* * *}
{* * p * }
{ * *P* *}
{* * *N* }
{PPPP PPP}
{RNBQK *R}
$$\showboard$$


White can play either the old main line 

{\bf (a)\protect\begin{chess} 5. d4\protect\end{chess} }

or the Barendregt line 

{\bf (b)\protect\begin{chess} 5. O-O\protect\end{chess}}

The move\protect\begin{chess} 5.N*e5\protect\end{chess} is met by\protect\begin{chess} 5.: Qd4,\protect\end{chess} regaining the pawn.  

IV.B.1.a)
Old main line\protect\begin{chess} 5. d4\protect\end{chess} 

White is going for the better ending with this move; the hope is that all the
pieces will come off, when White can create a passed pawn on the K-side with
f4-f5 and e4-e5-e6 while your Q-side majority is crippled.  So Black should
avoid too many exchanges and play very actively, using the two bishops and open
lines.

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5.:  e*d4 6. Q*d4 Q*d4 7. N*d4 c5 8. Nf3 Bg4\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r* *kbnr}
{*pp *ppp}
{p* * * *}
{* p * * }
{ * *P*b*}
{* * *N* }
{PPP* PPP}
{RNB K *R}
$$\showboard$$


with equal chances.



IV.B.1.b)
 Barendregt line\protect\begin{chess} 5. O-O\protect\end{chess} 

Bobby Fischer revived this in the `seventies, and it is still being tried.

What should you do?  The book line is roughly equal after  

{\em\protect\begin{chess} 5.:  f6 6. d4 e*d4 7. N*d4 c5 8. Nb3 Q*d1 9. R*d1 Bg4 10. f3 Be6 11. Bf4 c4
12. Nd4 O-O\protect\end{chess}-O\protect\begin{chess} 13. Nc3 Bf7 14. Nf5 R*d1+ 15. R*d1 Ne7 16. Ne3 Ng6 17. Bg3 Bc5
18. Kf2 Rd8\protect\end{chess} =/+=}


\board{ *kr * *}
{*pp *bpp}
{p* * pn*}
{* b * * }
{ *p*P* *}
{* N NPB }
{PPP* KPP}
{* *R* * }
$$\showboard$$


(Vitolins-Romanishin 84) with at most a small advantage for White.

But I reckon at junior level the line 


\board{r* qkbnr}
{*pp *ppp}
{p*p* * *}
{* * p * }
{ * *P*b*}
{* * *N* }
{PPPP PPP}
{RNBQ*RK }
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5.: Bg4\protect\end{chess} }

is worth a punt:

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  6. h3 h5!\protect\end{chess}}

Now 

{\em\protect\begin{chess} 7. h*g4 h*g4 8. N*e5 Qh4 9. f4 g3\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r* *kbnr}
{*pp *pp }
{p*p* * *}
{* * N * }
{ * *PP q}
{* * * p }
{PPPP *P*}
{RNBQ*RK }
$$\showboard$$


{\em leads to mate.}



So White should play either 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 7. c3\protect\end{chess} }

with a probable draw after 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 7.: Qd3 8. Re1\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}8. h*g4 h*g4 9. N*e5 Bd6 10. N*d3 Bh2+ 11. Kh1 Bg3+ 12. Kg1 Bh2+\protect\end{chess}
drawn}


\board{r* *k*nr}
{*pp *pp }
{p*p* * *}
{* * * * }
{ * *P*p*}
{* PN* * }
{PP P PPb}
{RNBQ*RK }
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 8.:  B*f3 9. Q*f3 Q*f3 10. g*f3 O-O\protect\end{chess}-O\protect\begin{chess} 11. Kf1 Be7 12. Ke2 Bg5 13. Na3 Ne7
14. Rg1 Bh6 15. Nc4 f6 16. h4 c5 17. d3\protect\end{chess}}

Or, the best line, 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 7. d3\protect\end{chess}  }

White can get a small advantage here I think, but has to play lots of
good moves.

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  7.:  Qf6 8. Nbd2 Ne7 9. Re1 Ng6 10. d4 Bd6 11. h*g4 h*g4 12. Nh2 R*h2 13.
Q*g4 Qh4 14. Q*h4 R*h4 15. Nf3 Rh5 16. d*e5\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}16. c3 f6 17. Be3\protect\end{chess} += bco2]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  16.:  N*e5 17. N*e5 B*e5 18. c3 g5 19. Be3 g4\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r* *k* *}
{*pp *p* }
{p*p* * *}
{* * b *r}
{ * *P*p*}
{* P B * }
{PP * PP*}
{R * R K }
$$\showboard$$


{\bf ]}

If White plays the main line with\protect\begin{chess} 4. Ba4,\protect\end{chess}

we continue to steer for the Open Morphy with

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 4.:  Nf6\protect\end{chess} }


\board{r*bqkb r}
{*ppp*ppp}
{p*n* n *}
{* * p * }
{B* *P* *}
{* * *N* }
{PPPP PPP}
{RNBQK *R}
$$\showboard$$


hoping for

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5. O-O\protect\end{chess}}

Sadly, White has several alternatives here, and if all your opponent
knows about the Ruy Lopez ends after the third move, you may well startle White
into playing one of these lines:

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5. Nc3\protect\end{chess} Lopez Four Knights}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5. d3\protect\end{chess}  Andersson-Steinitz }

There is also

{\em  [\protect\begin{chess}5. Qe2\protect\end{chess} }

{\em which is no problem, but it does stop you playing your intended\protect\begin{chess} 5.: N*e4\protect\end{chess}.
Instead\protect\begin{chess} 5.: Be7 6. B*c6 d*c6 7. b3 Bd6 8. Bb2 Qe7 9. d3\protect\end{chess} =}


\board{r*b*k* r}
{*pp qppp}
{p*pb n *}
{* * p * }
{ * *P* *}
{*P*P*N* }
{PBP*QPPP}
{RN* K *R}
$$\showboard$$


{\em\protect\begin{chess} 9.:  Bg4 10. Nbd2 O-O\protect\end{chess}-O is simply level]}


\subsection{
Lopez Four Knights' Variation, 5. Nc3 
}

\board{r*bqkb r}
{*ppp*ppp}
{p*n* n *}
{* * p * }
{B* *P* *}
{* N *N* }
{PPPP PPP}
{R BQK *R}
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5. Nc3\protect\end{chess} }

Now ...d5 is difficult, but White has little chance of advantage.

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5.: b5 6. Bb3 Be7 7. d3\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}7. a4\protect\end{chess} is more risky:\protect\begin{chess} 7.: b4 8. Nd5 N*e4\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bqk* r}
{* ppbppp}
{p*n* * *}
{* *Np * }
{Pp *n* *}
{*B* *N* }
{ PPP PPP}
{R BQK *R}
$$\showboard$$


{\em when Black may have the edge.]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 7.:  d6 8. Nd5 Na5\protect\end{chess} =}


\board{r*bqk* r}
{* p bppp}
{p* p n *}
{np*Np * }
{ * *P* *}
{*B*P*N* }
{PPP* PPP}
{R BQK *R}
$$\showboard$$


with equality: BCO2.

{\bf  }
\subsection{
 The Andersson-Steinitz line, 5. d3
}

\board{r*bqkb r}
{*ppp*ppp}
{p*n* n *}
{* * p * }
{B* *P* *}
{* *P*N* }
{PPP* PPP}
{RNBQK *R}
$$\showboard$$


White intend to play slowly.  There's not much you can do but trot out the
usual recipe: develop and play ...d5.  This should lead to level play.

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5. d3 d6 6. c3 Be7 7. Nbd2 O-O 8. Nf1 b5 9. Bc2\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}9. Bb3 d5 10. Qe2 Be6\protect\end{chess}]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  9.:  d5 10. Qe2 Re8\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bqr*k*}
{* p bppp}
{p*n* n *}
{*p*pp * }
{ * *P* *}
{* PP*N* }
{PPB*QPPP}
{R B KN*R}
$$\showboard$$


with equality.

After\protect\begin{chess} 5. O-O\protect\end{chess} we can at last enter the 
\subsection{
Open Morphy Variation with 5... Nxe4
}

\board{r*bqkb r}
{*ppp*ppp}
{p*n* * *}
{* * p * }
{B* *n* *}
{* * *N* }
{PPPP PPP}
{RNBQ*RK }
$$\showboard$$


The main line of the Open Morphy variation goes:

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. d*e5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r* qk* r}
{* p *ppp}
{p*n*b* *}
{*pbpP * }
{ * *n* *}
{*BP *N* }
{PP * PPP}
{RNBQ*RK }
$$\showboard$$


When Black has superb development, although may look a little loose.  The Open
variation has been a great favourite of fighting players like Euwe and
Korchnoi.

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 10. Nbd2 O-O 11. Bc2\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r* q rk*}
{* p *ppp}
{p*n*b* *}
{*pbpP * }
{ * *n* *}
{* P *N* }
{PPBN PPP}
{R BQ*RK }
$$\showboard$$


Now you might even consider the Dilworth line:

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 11.:  N*f2 12. R*f2 f6 13. e*f6 B*f2+ 14. K*f2 Q*f6\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r* * rk*}
{* p * pp}
{p*n*bq *}
{*p*p* * }
{ * * * *}
{* P *N* }
{PPBN KPP}
{R BQ* * }
$$\showboard$$


 Botvinnik has tried this, although it is clearly risky to give up a piece in
such an apparently equal position.  

 There are many alternatives in the Open Morphy at each point for both players,
so I have only indicated some of the outlines above.  Look in books like BCO2
for more information.  Or, if the number of variations you see in the books
frightens you, please consider the Archangel Variation

{\em\protect\begin{chess} 5.:  b5 6. Bb3 Bb7\protect\end{chess}}

which I discuss below.

 But I have a feeling that most White junior players won't let you play these
lines, and instead will veer off with the natural-looking Exchange or Four
Knights' lines.


\subsection{
Cordel Defence 3...Bc5
}

\board{r*bqk*nr}
{pppp*ppp}
{ *n* * *}
{*Bb p * }
{ * *P* *}
{* * *N* }
{PPPP PPP}
{RNBQK *R}
$$\showboard$$


Having seen the number of ways White can shoot off into odd lines, you can see
why I would like to recommend the Cordel variation. After

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 3.: Bc5\protect\end{chess}}

White's best try is

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 4. c3\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [or\protect\begin{chess} 4. O-O Nge7 5. c3 Bb6 6. d4 e*d4 7. c*d4 d5 8. e*d5 N*d5 9. Re1+
Be6\protect\end{chess} = Evans-Fischer 1960]}

Now the only lines I could find in BCO2 started

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 4.:  f5\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bqk*nr}
{pppp* pp}
{ *n* * *}
{*Bb pp* }
{ * *P* *}
{* P *N* }
{PP P PPP}
{RNBQK *R}
$$\showboard$$


...with White getting the advantage after 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5. d4 f*e4\protect\end{chess} }and{\bf  }

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5. e*f5 e4\protect\end{chess}.}

But Fischer's treatment was more simple: e.g. 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 4.:  Nge7 5. d4 e*d4 6. c*d4 Bb4+ 7. Bd2 B*d2+ 8. Q*d2 a6 9. Ba4 d5 10. e*d5
Q*d5 11. Nc3 Qe6+ 12. Kf1 Qc4+ 13. Kg1 O-O 14. d5 Na7 15. Re1\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*b* rk*}
{npp nppp}
{p* * * *}
{* *P* * }
{B*q* * *}
{* N *N* }
{PP Q PPP}
{* * R KR}
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 15.:  Nf5\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [or\protect\begin{chess} 15.:  Ng6\protect\end{chess}]}

which was soon drawn: Tal-Fischer, 1960.

Fischer also had several games with the bolder line

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 4.:  Nf6\protect\end{chess} }

For example 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5. d4 e*d4\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}5.:  Bb6 6. O-O O-O 7. Re1 e*d4 8. c*d4 d5 9. e5 Ne4\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bq rk*}
{ppp *ppp}
{ bn* * *}
{*B*pP * }
{ * Pn* *}
{* * *N* }
{PP * PPP}
{RNBQR K }
$$\showboard$$


{\em drawn shortly, Unzicker-Fischer 60]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  6. e5 Ne4 7. O-O\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}7. c*d4 Bb4+ 8. Bd2 N*d2 9. Nb*d2 O-O 10. O-O a6 11. Ba4 d6\protect\end{chess} =
Jimenez-Fischer 60]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  7.:  d5 8. N*d4 O-O 9. f3 Ng5 10. B*c6 b*c6\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bq rk*}
{p p *ppp}
{ *p* * *}
{* bpP n }
{ * N * *}
{* P *P* }
{PP * *PP}
{RNBQ*RK }
$$\showboard$$


drawn Gligoric-Fischer 60.

So on this evidence, the Cordel Defence is a simple way to get your pieces out
against players who you don't trust to enter the main lines.

{\bf  }
\subsection{
An alternative to the Open Morphy: Archangel Variation with 5...b5
}
{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5.:  b5 6. Bb3 Bb7\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r* qkb r}
{*bpp*ppp}
{p*n* n *}
{*p* p * }
{ * *P* *}
{*B* *N* }
{PPPP PPP}
{RNBQ*RK }
$$\showboard$$


Now the best line is (c)\protect\begin{chess} 7. Re1,\protect\end{chess} but White has been tempted to go for a quick
break with either 

(a)\protect\begin{chess} 7. d4\protect\end{chess} or

(b)\protect\begin{chess} 7. c3\protect\end{chess} and\protect\begin{chess} 8. d4\protect\end{chess}

IV.B.6.a)
Archangel with\protect\begin{chess} 7. d4\protect\end{chess}

{\em\protect\begin{chess} 7. d4\protect\end{chess} }

This is nothing to be scared of.

{\em\protect\begin{chess}  7.:  N*d4 8. N*d4 e*d4 9. e5 Ne4 10. c3 d*c3 11. Qf3\protect\end{chess} }

This looks awkward, but Black can survive happily.

{\em\protect\begin{chess} 11.: d5 12. e*d6 Qf6 13. d7+ Kd8!\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r* k b r}
{*bpP*ppp}
{p* * q *}
{*p* * * }
{ * *n* *}
{*Bp *Q* }
{PP * PPP}
{RNB *RK }
$$\showboard$$


{\em\protect\begin{chess} 14. Q*f6+ N*f6 15. N*c3 K*d7 16. Bf4\protect\end{chess} =}


\board{r* * b r}
{*bpk*ppp}
{p* * n *}
{*p* * * }
{ * * B *}
{*BN * * }
{PP * PPP}
{R * *RK }
$$\showboard$$


With equality, accoring to Vlastimil Hort.



IV.B.6.b)
Archangel with\protect\begin{chess} 7. c3\protect\end{chess}

This is more patient but not stronger.

{\em\protect\begin{chess} 7. c3\protect\end{chess} }

Black can now make a mess with 

{\em\protect\begin{chess} 7.: N*e4 8. d4 Na5 9. Bc2 e*d4 10. b4 Nc4 11. B*e4 B*e4 12. Re1 d5 13. N*d4
Bd6\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r* qk* r}
{* p *ppp}
{p* b * *}
{*p*p* * }
{ PnNb* *}
{* P * * }
{P* * PPP}
{RNBQR K }
$$\showboard$$


{\em\protect\begin{chess} 14. f3 Qh4 15. h3 Qg3 16. Nf5 Qh2+ 17. Kf2 O-O\protect\end{chess}-O\protect\begin{chess} 18. f*e4 d*e4 19. Qg4 Kb8
20. Q*e4 Rhe8\protect\end{chess}}


\board{ k rr* *}
{* p *ppp}
{p* b * *}
{*p* *N* }
{ Pn*Q* *}
{* P * *P}
{P* * KPq}
{RNB R * }
$$\showboard$$


Black is doing fine here.



IV.B.6.c)
Main line Archangel with\protect\begin{chess} 7. Re1\protect\end{chess}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 7. Re1 Bc5\protect\end{chess} }

White now plays his Plan A

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 8. c3 d6 9. d4 Bb6\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r* qk* r}
{*bp *ppp}
{pbnp n *}
{*p* p * }
{ * PP* *}
{*BP *N* }
{PP * PPP}
{RNBQR K }
$$\showboard$$


Black is solid and well-developed, as in many lines of the Lopez, but here has
posted the bishops on much more active squares, pointing at the White King.
Black can play very actively now, castling Queen's side and hammering down the
other wing.

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 10. Bg5 h6 11. Bh4 Qd7 12. a4 O-O\protect\end{chess}-O\protect\begin{chess} 13. a*b5 a*b5\protect\end{chess}}


\board{ *kr * r}
{*bpq*pp }
{ bnp n p}
{*p* p * }
{ * PP* B}
{*BP *N* }
{ P * PPP}
{RN*QR K }
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 14. B*f6\protect\end{chess} }

This is the strongest line:

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}14. Na3 g5 15. Bg3 h5 16. d*e5\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}16. h4\protect\end{chess} was essential:\protect\begin{chess} 16.: g*h4 17. B*h4 Rh6 18. N*b5 Rg8 19. Qd3 e*d4 20.
c*d4 Nb4\protect\end{chess} and Black is still spuddling away well] }

{\em\protect\begin{chess} 16.:  h4 17. e*f6 h*g3 18. h*g3 g4 19. Nd4 Rh7 20. Bd5 Rdh8\protect\end{chess}=+}


\board{ *k* * r}
{*bpq*p*r}
{ bnp P *}
{*p*B* * }
{ * NP*p*}
{N P * P }
{ P * PP*}
{R *QR K }
$$\showboard$$


{\em  with an edge for Black, according to BCO2]}



{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 14.:  g*f6\protect\end{chess} }

Now White does best to try and keep things under wraps with 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 15. Bd5\protect\end{chess} }

But Black can give White some nervous moments with:

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 15.: Rhg8 16. Kh1 Qg4 17. Rg1 e*d4 18. c*d4 f5 19. Nc3 f*e4 20. N*e4 Qf5 21.
Nc3 Nb4 22. B*b7+ K*b7\protect\end{chess}= }


\board{ * r *r*}
{*kp *p* }
{ b p * p}
{*p* *q* }
{ n P * *}
{* N *N* }
{ P * PPP}
{R *Q* RK}
$$\showboard$$


Klovans-Shirov 87: equal, accoring to BCO2


\section{
3. d4 Scotch Game and gambits 
}

\board{r*bqkbnr}
{pppp*ppp}
{ *n* * *}
{* * p * }
{ * PP* *}
{* * *N* }
{PPP* PPP}
{RNBQKB*R}
$$\showboard$$


The old (1826) Scotch Game is

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 3.:  e*d4 4. N*d4\protect\end{chess} }

People have recently found some new ideas in lines that had been
abandoned, but I think interest is waning again as these ideas become better
known.  The natural move is

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 4.: Bc5\protect\end{chess} }

when White has two natural moves:\protect\begin{chess} 5. Nb3\protect\end{chess} and\protect\begin{chess} 5. Be3,\protect\end{chess} although you must
also consider\protect\begin{chess} 5. N*c6\protect\end{chess} (and I have even seen\protect\begin{chess} 5. Nf5!?\protect\end{chess})

{\em [If\protect\begin{chess} 5. N*c6 b*c6 6. Bd3 Ne7 7. O-O d5\protect\end{chess} should hold, but more accurate\protect\begin{chess}
5.: Qf6! 6. Qe2 b*c6 7. Nc3 Ne7\protect\end{chess}=]}


\subsection{
Scotch Game with 5. Be3
}

\board{r*bqk*nr}
{pppp*ppp}
{ *n* * *}
{* b * * }
{ * NP* *}
{* * B * }
{PPP* PPP}
{RN*QKB*R}
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5. Be3 Qf6 6. c3 Nge7 7. Bc4\protect\end{chess} }

White has tried many moves in this position, but this Icelandic line is
the most current. 

{\em [One alternative being\protect\begin{chess} 7. g3 d5 8. Bg2 d*e4 9. Nb5\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [or\protect\begin{chess} 9. Nd2 Bb6 10. N*e4 Qg6 11. O-O Bg4 12. Qa4 O-O 13. Nc5 Ne5 14. Bf4 B*c5
15. B*e5 c6+\protect\end{chess}=}


\board{r* * rk*}
{pp* nppp}
{ *p* *q*}
{* b B * }
{Q* N *b*}
{* P * P }
{PP * PBP}
{R * *RK }
$$\showboard$$


{\em with only a small advantage to White, according to Gary Lane]}

{\em\protect\begin{chess}  9.:  B*e3 10. N*c7+ Kf8 11. f*e3 Rb8 12. Nd5 Qg5 13. Nf4 Qc5 14. O-O g5 15.
Nh5 Be6\protect\end{chess}}


\board{ r * k r}
{pp* np*p}
{ *n*b* *}
{* q * pN}
{ * *p* *}
{* P P P }
{PP * *BP}
{RN*Q*RK }
$$\showboard$$


{\em Klovan-Romanishin 74, with complications avouring black (Lane)}

After\protect\begin{chess} 7. Bc4\protect\end{chess} the equaliser used to be\protect\begin{chess} 7.: Ne5 8. Be2\protect\end{chess} and\protect\begin{chess} 8.: d6\protect\end{chess}/\protect\begin{chess}8.: Qg6\protect\end{chess}
(see BCO2), but that has started to creak.  

Will Black succeed in reiforcing the line?  Karpov has still happily played\protect\begin{chess}
8.: Qg6 9. O-O d6 10. f3! O-O 11. Nd2 d5!?\protect\end{chess} and perhaps that is OK.

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 7.:  O-O 8. O-O Bb6 9. Nc2\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [or\protect\begin{chess} 9. Na3 N*d4 10. c*d4 d5 11. e*d5 Rd8 12. Qh5 h6\protect\end{chess} 13. }

{\em Rfe\protect\begin{chess}1 Bf5 14. Qf3 Rd7 15. Nb5 Rad8\protect\end{chess}}


\board{ * r *k*}
{ppprnpp }
{ b * q p}
{*N*P*b* }
{ *BP * *}
{* * BQ* }
{PP * PPP}
{R * R K }
$$\showboard$$


{\em unclear/equal, Chandler-Short 91]}

{\bf  }

{\em [White could also try\protect\begin{chess} 9. Bb3 Na5 10. Bc2 Nc4 11. Bc1 d5 12. e*d5 B*d4
13. c*d4 Bf5 14. Nc3 B*c2 15. Q*c2 Nb6 16. Qe4 Qd6 17. Bf4 Qd7 18. d6 c*d6 19.
a4 Rfe8 20. Qf3 Nc6 21. Rfd1 Rad8\protect\end{chess} =/+=}


\board{ * rr*k*}
{pp*q*ppp}
{ nnp * *}
{* * * * }
{P* P B *}
{* N *Q* }
{ P * PPP}
{R *R* K }
$$\showboard$$


{\em Polgar-Zuniga 92}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  9. Nc2 d6 10. B*b6 a*b6 11. f4\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*b* rk*}
{*pp nppp}
{ pnp q *}
{* * * * }
{ *B*PP *}
{* P * * }
{PPN* *PP}
{RN*Q*RK }
$$\showboard$$


Now 

{\em\protect\begin{chess} 11.: Be6 12. Nd2 B*c4 13. N*c4 Qe6\protect\end{chess} }

leaves White with a small space advantage.  In the game Kasparov-Short
(Linares 1991) Black tried 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 11.: g5!? 12. f5 Ne5 13. Be2 Bd7 14. c4\protect\end{chess} }

when 

{\em\protect\begin{chess} 14.: Ba4! 15. b3 Bc6\protect\end{chess} }

would have been the best line.

{\bf  }
\subsection{
 Scotch Game with 5. Nb3
}

\board{r*bqk*nr}
{pppp*ppp}
{ *n* * *}
{* b * * }
{ * *P* *}
{*N* * * }
{PPP* PPP}
{RNBQKB*R}
$$\showboard$$


You must retreat with 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5.:  Bb6\protect\end{chess} }

Now White usually chases the Bishop with 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 6. a4 a6\protect\end{chess}}

Gary Lane reckons this gives White good chances, but one move order he
doesn't consider is 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 7. Nc3 Nge7 8. Bg5 f6!\protect\end{chess}}

Now

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 9. Bh4 O-O\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bq rk*}
{*pppn pp}
{pbn* p *}
{* * * * }
{P* *P* B}
{*NN * * }
{ PP* PPP}
{R *QKB*R}
$$\showboard$$


and now

{\em\protect\begin{chess} 10. Bc4+ Kh8 11. Qd2 d6 12. f4 Ng6 13. Bg3 Na5\protect\end{chess} =+ Rodriguez-Unzicker,
1970}

or

{\em\protect\begin{chess} 10. Qd2 d6 11. a5 Ba7 12. O-O\protect\end{chess}-O Be6\protect\begin{chess} 13. Nd5 B*d5!\protect\end{chess} (an improvement on an old
Hort-Portisch game)\protect\begin{chess} 14. e*d5 Ne5 15. Nd4 B*d4 16. Q*d4 Nf5 17. Qe4 N*h4 18.
Q*h4 f5\protect\end{chess}=}

and according to {\bf ChessBase}, Black has achieved a pleasant
equality.


\subsection{
Scotch And Goring Gambits
}
After\protect\begin{chess} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 e*d4\protect\end{chess} White may try 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 4. c3\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bqkbnr}
{pppp*ppp}
{ *n* * *}
{* * * * }
{ * pP* *}
{* P *N* }
{PP * PPP}
{RNBQKB*R}
$$\showboard$$




{\em [\protect\begin{chess}4. Bc4\protect\end{chess} leads to lines of the Italian Game, below]}

Black can equalise with 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  4.:  d5\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [The old recommendation\protect\begin{chess} 4.:  d3 5. B*d3 d6\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bqkbnr}
{ppp *ppp}
{ *np * *}
{* * * * }
{ * *P* *}
{* PB*N* }
{PP * PPP}
{RNBQK *R}
$$\showboard$$


{\em is OK after\protect\begin{chess} 6. h3 g6 7. Bg5 Nf6 8. Nbd2 Bg7 9. Nd4 O-O 10. N*c6 b*c6 11. f4
Rb8 12. O-O Qe8\protect\end{chess} = Raaste-Westerinen, 1979, but leads to a less east time after
}

{\em\protect\begin{chess} 6. Bf4 Be7 7. h3 Nf6 8. Nbd2 Bd7 9. Qc2\protect\end{chess} += BCO2]}

{\bf  }

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5. e*d5 Q*d5 6. c*d4 Bg4 7. Be2 Bb4+ 8. Nc3 B*f3 9. B*f3 Qc4\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r* *k*nr}
{ppp *ppp}
{ *n* * *}
{* * * * }
{ bqP * *}
{* N *B* }
{PP * PPP}
{R BQK *R}
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 10. Qb3\protect\end{chess} }

{\em Neither [\protect\begin{chess}10. B*c6+ b*c6 11. Qe2+ Q*e2+ 12. K*e2 O-O\protect\end{chess}-O\protect\begin{chess} 13. Be3
Ne7\protect\end{chess}=]}

{\em [Nor\protect\begin{chess} 10. Be3 B*c3+ 11. b*c3 Q*c3+ 12. Kf1 Qc4+ 13. Kg1 Nge7 14. Rc1 Q*a2 15.
Ra1 Qc4 16. Rc1\protect\end{chess} (drawn here marshall-capablanca, 1926)\protect\begin{chess} 16.:  Qa2 17. Ra1 Qc4
18. Rc1 Qb4\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r* *k* r}
{ppp nppp}
{ *n* * *}
{* * * * }
{ q P * *}
{* * BB* }
{ * * PPP}
{* RQ* KR}
$$\showboard$$


{\em -+ Bryson-Flear, Edinburgh 1985, are any good for White]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  10.:  Q*b3 11. a*b3 Nge7 12. O-O a6\protect\end{chess} =}


\board{r* *k* r}
{*pp nppp}
{p*n* * *}
{* * * * }
{ b P * *}
{*PN *B* }
{ P * PPP}
{R B *RK }
$$\showboard$$


{\bf  with equality, Ljubojevic-Ree, 72. }



Lastly, but most importantly, we must consider how you should reply to:
\section{
3. Bc4
}
You can defend the Giuoco Piano, which is OK, except you cannot rely on White
to play an interesting open game.  The best way to get a good game going is:
\section{
Two Knight's Defence,  3... Nf6
}

\board{r*bqkb r}
{pppp*ppp}
{ *n* n *}
{* * p * }
{ *B*P* *}
{* * *N* }
{PPPP PPP}
{RNBQK *R}
$$\showboard$$


White has several tries here:

(a) Max Lange Attack with\protect\begin{chess} 4. d4\protect\end{chess}

(b) Main line Two Knights' with\protect\begin{chess} 4. Ng5\protect\end{chess} 

(c) Closed line with\protect\begin{chess} 4. d3\protect\end{chess}

(d) Variation with\protect\begin{chess} 4. Nc3\protect\end{chess}


\board{r*bqkb r}
{pppp*ppp}
{ *n* n *}
{* * p * }
{ *BPP* *}
{* * *N* }
{PPP* PPP}
{RNBQK *R}
$$\showboard$$


\subsection{
The Max Lange Attack 4. d4
}
After\protect\begin{chess} 4. d4\protect\end{chess} Black must reply:

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 4.:  e*d4\protect\end{chess} }

The alternatives are unattractive:

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}4.:  N*e4 5. d*e5 Nc5\protect\end{chess} else Qd5\protect\begin{chess} 6. O-O Be7 7. Nc3+\protect\end{chess}-}


\board{r*bqk* r}
{ppppbppp}
{ *n* * *}
{* n P * }
{ *B* * *}
{* N *N* }
{PPP* PPP}
{R BQ*RK }
$$\showboard$$


{\em ]}

{\bf  }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}4.:  N*d4 5. B*f7+ K*f7 6. N*e5+ Ke8 7. Q*d4+\protect\end{chess}-]}

{\bf  }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}4.:  d6 5. Ng5 N*e4\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [not\protect\begin{chess} 5.:  Be6 6. d5\protect\end{chess}]}

{\em\protect\begin{chess}  6. B*f7+ Ke7 7. Bb3\protect\end{chess} +-]}

Now  

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5. O-O\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bqkb r}
{pppp*ppp}
{ *n* n *}
{* * * * }
{ *BpP* *}
{* * *N* }
{PPP* PPP}
{RNBQ*RK }
$$\showboard$$





{\em [\protect\begin{chess}5. e5\protect\end{chess} is sometimes played, with the idea of making a rush with
the King's-side pawns:}



\board{r*bqkb r}
{pppp*ppp}
{ *n* n *}
{* * P * }
{ *Bp * *}
{* * *N* }
{PPP* PPP}
{RNBQK *R}
$$\showboard$$


{\em\protect\begin{chess} 5.:  d5 6. Bb5 Ne4 7. N*d4 Bd7 8. B*c6 b*c6 9. O-O Be7 10. f3 Nc5 11. f4 Ne4
12. f5 Bc5 13. e6 f*e6 14. f*e6 B*e6 15. Qh5+ Kd7 16. Be3 Qe7\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r* * * r}
{p pkq pp}
{ *p*b* *}
{* bp* *Q}
{ * Nn* *}
{* * B * }
{PPP* *PP}
{RN* *RK }
$$\showboard$$


{\em when Black is quite OK]}

Black now has a choice:

(a) Max Lange with\protect\begin{chess} 5.:  N*e4\protect\end{chess} 

(b) Max Lange with\protect\begin{chess} 5.:  Bc5\protect\end{chess}

I include analysis of both lines in case you fancy playing this as White.

IV.E.1.a)
Max Lange with\protect\begin{chess} 5.:  N*e4\protect\end{chess} 

This is the most complex line, but can fizzle out quickly to a draw.

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  6. Re1 d5\protect\end{chess} }

Now White has two important attacking alternatives:

{\bf Sacrificial\protect\begin{chess} 7. Nc3\protect\end{chess}}

or 

{\bf Tricky\protect\begin{chess} 7. B*d5\protect\end{chess} }

Although, both lines are tricky {\em and} sacrificial!



IV.E.1.a)(1)
Sacrificial\protect\begin{chess} 7. Nc3\protect\end{chess} 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 7. Nc3 d*c3\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [or\protect\begin{chess} 7.:  d*c4 8. R*e4+ Be7 9. N*d4 f5 10. Rf4 O-O 11. N*c6 Q*d1+ 12.
N*d1 b*c6 13. R*c4 Bd6 14. Nc3\protect\end{chess} =}


\board{r*b* rk*}
{p p * pp}
{ *pb * *}
{* * *p* }
{ *R* * *}
{* N * * }
{PPP* PPP}
{R B * K }
$$\showboard$$


{\em  Botvinnik]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 8. B*d5 Be6\protect\end{chess}}

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}8.:  Bf5 9. B*e4 B*e4 10. R*e4+ Be7\protect\end{chess} = BCO ]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 9. B*e4 Bb4 10. b3 Q*d1 11. R*d1\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r* *k* r}
{ppp *ppp}
{ *n*b* *}
{* * * * }
{ b *B* *}
{*Pp *N* }
{P*P* PPP}
{R BR* K }
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 11.:  Rd8 12. Be3 a6\protect\end{chess} }

Black has an extra pawn which is hard to keep and harder to make use of.
The storm has blown itself out.

{\bf  }

So let's look at the alternative

IV.E.1.a)(2)
Tricky\protect\begin{chess} 7. B*d5\protect\end{chess} 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 7. B*d5 Q*d5 8. Nc3\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*b*kb r}
{ppp *ppp}
{ *n* * *}
{* *q* * }
{ * pn* *}
{* N *N* }
{PPP* PPP}
{R BQR K }
$$\showboard$$


Another surprising Knight move.  This is a terribly well-analysed position, so
whoever knows most about it should win.  One line goes:

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 8.:  Qa5\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}8.:  Qh5 9. N*e4 Be6 10. Bg5\protect\end{chess}]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  9. N*e4 Be6 10. Neg5 O-O\protect\end{chess}-O\protect\begin{chess} 11. N*e6 f*e6 12. R*e6 Bd6\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [or\protect\begin{chess} 12.:  Qf5 13. Qe2 h6 14. Bd2 Q*c2\protect\end{chess} = Bogolyubov]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  13. Qe2 Qh5 14. h3 Rde8 15. Bd2 Ne5\protect\end{chess}}


\board{ *k*r* r}
{ppp * pp}
{ * bR* *}
{* * n *q}
{ * p * *}
{* * *N*P}
{PPPBQPP*}
{R * * K }
$$\showboard$$


And again White's attack has blown out.



IV.E.1.b)
Max Lange with\protect\begin{chess} 5.:  Bc5\protect\end{chess} 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5.: Bc5\protect\end{chess}}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 6. e5\protect\end{chess} }

Black has only one good move here:

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 6.: d5\protect\end{chess} }

To see why:

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}6.:  Ng4 7. Bf4 O-O 8. h3 Nh6 9. B*h6 g*h6 10. c3\protect\end{chess} +-}


\board{r*bq rk*}
{pppp*p*p}
{ *n* * p}
{* b P * }
{ *Bp * *}
{* P *N*P}
{PP * PP*}
{RN*Q*RK }
$$\showboard$$


{\em +-]}

{\bf  }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}6.:  Ne4 7. Bd5 f5 8. e*f6 N*f6 9. Bg5\protect\end{chess} +-}


\board{r*bqk* r}
{pppp* pp}
{ *n* n *}
{* bB* B }
{ * p * *}
{* * *N* }
{PPP* PPP}
{RN*Q*RK }
$$\showboard$$


{\em +-]}

Now the main line of analysis goes:

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  7. e*f6 d*c4 8. Re1+ Be6 9. Ng5 Qd5 10. Nc3 Qf5 11. Nce4 O-O\protect\end{chess}-O}


\board{ *kr * r}
{ppp *ppp}
{ *n*bP *}
{* b *qN }
{ *ppN* *}
{* * * * }
{PPP* PPP}
{R BQR K }
$$\showboard$$


This is exciting stuff!  White has a strong K-side attack and control of the
e-file.  But Black has an extra pawn, good central hold and has sent the King
off into safer territory.  Black can even think about a K-side counter-attack.
For example:

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 12. N*e6 f*e6 13. f*g7 Rhg8 14. Bg5 Rd7 15. Nf6 Q*g5 16. N*d7 R*g7\protect\end{chess}}

and White has run out of steam...

Now, you can research this lot for yourselves, but there's a lot to it.  For
example, if you check this line in the Levy/Keene book, they give\protect\begin{chess} 12. g4!\protect\end{chess}

They also say Black's\protect\begin{chess} 8.: Be6\protect\end{chess} is "{\em more or less forced, since on\protect\begin{chess} 8.: Kh8\protect\end{chess}
comes\protect\begin{chess} 9. Bg5 c*b2 10. Bh6+ Kg8 11. Nc3!\protect\end{chess} with a tremendous game for the pawn...
e.g. ...\protect\begin{chess} 11.: Bf8 12. B*f8 K*f8 13. Ne4\protect\end{chess} followed by\protect\begin{chess} 14. Qd2\protect\end{chess} with clear
advantage to White}."  Whereas, if you look in BCO2, you find "{\em\protect\begin{chess} 8.: Kh8 9.
Bg5 c*b2 10. Bh6+ Kg8 11. Nc3 f8 12. B*f8 K*f8 13. Ne4 f5\protect\end{chess} =+}" - that is,
advantage to Black, and instead White can only hope for equality after\protect\begin{chess} 12. N*d4
B*h6!\protect\end{chess}.  So I don't know how many recent books you need, although Andrew Soltis
(who seems to be going for the world record of chess books published) has
written a repertoire book from White's point of view about the Moller and the
Max Lange.


\subsection{
Main line Two Knights' with 4. Ng5
}
The main line, which I recommend, goes:

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  4.:  d5\protect\end{chess} }

But there is an alternative: the Wilkes-Barre variation or Traxler
Counterattack.

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}4.:  Bc5\protect\end{chess} }

{\em This is wild and exciting chess,  although I have a nasty suspicion that
White can just play safe with }

{\em\protect\begin{chess} 5. B*f7+ Ke7 6. Bb3\protect\end{chess} [or\protect\begin{chess} 6. Bd5\protect\end{chess}]\protect\begin{chess} 6.: Rf8 7. O-O d6 8. Nc3\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bq r *}
{ppp k pp}
{ *np n *}
{* b p N }
{ * *P* *}
{*BN * * }
{PPPP PPP}
{R BQ*RK }
$$\showboard$$


{\em when I don't see how Black can justify both the pawn deficit and poor King
position.}

{\em But it's worth a look, and I include some examples in the games section.
Even if you don't ever play the variation, you might learn from some of the
tactical ideas.]}

After\protect\begin{chess} 4. Ng5 d5,\protect\end{chess} White should try

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5. e*d5\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bqkb r}
{ppp *ppp}
{ *n* n *}
{* *Pp N }
{ *B* * *}
{* * * * }
{PPPP PPP}
{RNBQK *R}
$$\showboard$$


Now the best move here is probably 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5.:  Na5\protect\end{chess}}


Although\protect\begin{chess} 5.: Nb4, 5.: Nd4\protect\end{chess} (Fritz variation) and\protect\begin{chess} 5.: N*d5\protect\end{chess} have been
tried. More than one person has e-mailed me recommending the Ulvestad variation,\protect\begin{chess} 5.: b5,\protect\end{chess} and I thank Jarret
Minkler for providing some helpful notes.  


{\em [\protect\begin{chess}5.:  N*d5\protect\end{chess} can lead to the famous Fried Liver Attack}


\board{r*bqkb r}
{ppp *ppp}
{ *n* * *}
{* *np N }
{ *B* * *}
{* * * * }
{PPPP PPP}
{RNBQK *R}
$$\showboard$$




{\em\protect\begin{chess} 6. N*f7\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bqkb r}
{ppp *Npp}
{ *n* * *}
{* *np * }
{ *B* * *}
{* * * * }
{PPPP PPP}
{RNBQK *R}
$$\showboard$$


{\em This is the famous Fried Liver Attack (or Fegatello) After\protect\begin{chess} 6.:  K*f7 7. Qf3+
Ke6 8. Nc3 Nce7 9. d4 c6\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bq b r}
{pp* n pp}
{ *p*k* *}
{* *np * }
{ *BP * *}
{* N *Q* }
{PPP* PPP}
{R B K *R}
$$\showboard$$


{\em We can only say the position is unclear!}

{\em But White can actually play the simple\protect\begin{chess} 6. d4\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bqkb r}
{ppp *ppp}
{ *n* * *}
{* *np N }
{ *BP * *}
{* * * * }
{PPP* PPP}
{RNBQK *R}
$$\showboard$$


{\em with the better game, and when Nxf7 is a real threat]}

After\protect\begin{chess} 5.: Na5,\protect\end{chess} play usually goes

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 6. Bb5+ c6 7. d*c6 b*c6\protect\end{chess} }

When there are two well-known gambit lines

{\bf (a)\protect\begin{chess} 8. Be2 h6 9. Nf3 e4 10. Ne5 Bd6 11. f4 e*f3 12. N*f3 O-O\protect\end{chess}}

and  

{\bf (b)\protect\begin{chess} 8. Qf3 Rb8 9. B*c6+ N*c6 10. Q*c6+ Nd7\protect\end{chess}}


\board{ rbqkb r}
{p *n*ppp}
{ *Q* * *}
{* * p N }
{ * * * *}
{* * * * }
{PPPP PPP}
{RNB K *R}
$$\showboard$$


Black has some prospects of attack for the material;
I enclose a game in each line below.


\subsection{
Closed variation with 4. d3
}

\board{r*bqkb r}
{pppp*ppp}
{ *n* n *}
{* * p * }
{ *B*P* *}
{* *P*N* }
{PPP* PPP}
{RNBQK *R}
$$\showboard$$\protect\begin{chess}


4.:  d5 5. e*d5 N*d5 6. O-O f6\protect\end{chess} is one time when the Rule 2 shoud perhaps be
broken, as Re1 to follow is uncomfortable, although I don't know if Black is in
any great danger.\protect\begin{chess}

4.: Bc5\protect\end{chess} of course returns you to the Giuoco Pianissimo (spit).

And another safe line is\protect\begin{chess} 4.:  Be7\protect\end{chess}.



But the alternative 

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 4.:  h6\protect\end{chess} }

is quite OK.  The idea is: in the slow Closed Morphy Variation (\protect\begin{chess}5.: Be7\protect\end{chess})
of the Ruy Lopez, Black often re-organises with ...O-O, ...Rfe8, ...Bf8, ...g6
and ...Bg7.  Now with\protect\begin{chess} 4. d3,\protect\end{chess} White has said that they plan to play it slow, so
you might as well put the B on g7 straight away.\protect\begin{chess}  4.: g6\protect\end{chess} loses to\protect\begin{chess} 5. Ng5,\protect\end{chess} so
you play\protect\begin{chess} 4.: h6\protect\end{chess} first.  The only way to take advantage of this apparent waste
of time is to break open the centre with d3-d4, but this is also a loss of time
(d2-d3 then d3-d4), and Black can adjust.

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5. O-O\protect\end{chess} }

{\em [or\protect\begin{chess} 5. Nc3 d6 6. a3 g6 7. h3 Bg7 8. Be3 O-O 9. Qd2 Kh7 10. g4 Nd7 11.
Rg1 Nb6\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bq r *}
{ppp *pbk}
{ nnp *pp}
{* * p * }
{ *B*P*P*}
{P NPBN*P}
{ PPQ P *}
{R * K R }
$$\showboard$$


{\em = Spassky-Belyavsky 82\protect\begin{chess} 12. g5 N*c4 13. d*c4 h5\protect\end{chess}]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  5.:  d6 6. c3 g6 7. d4 Qe7 8. Nbd2 Bg7 9. Re1 O-O 10. h3 Bd7 11. Nf1
Rae8\protect\end{chess} =}


\board{ * *rrk*}
{pppbqpb }
{ *np npp}
{* * p * }
{ *BPP* *}
{* P *N*P}
{PP * PP*}
{R BQRNK }
$$\showboard$$


{\bf Nunn-Spassky 82 }

with equality, BCO2

{\bf  }
\subsection{
Two Knights' with 4. Nc3
}

\board{r*bqkb r}
{pppp*ppp}
{ *n* n *}
{* * p * }
{ *B*P* *}
{* N *N* }
{PPPP PPP}
{R BQK *R}
$$\showboard$$




{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 4.:  N*e4 5. N*e4\protect\end{chess} }



{\em [\protect\begin{chess}5. B*f7+ K*f7 6. N*e4 d5 7. Neg5+ Kg8,\protect\end{chess} when Black has the advantage
in the centre]}

{\bf  }

{\em [\protect\begin{chess}5. O-O\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bqkb r}
{pppp*ppp}
{ *n* * *}
{* * p * }
{ *B*n* *}
{* N *N* }
{PPPP PPP}
{R BQ*RK }
$$\showboard$$


{\em Boden-Kieseritsky Gambit\protect\begin{chess} 5.:  N*c3 6. d*c3 Be7,\protect\end{chess} when you have no weaknesses
but must defend solidly for a while.  If you don't fancy this you can always
try the plan\protect\begin{chess} 4.: Be7, 5.: O-O\protect\end{chess} and\protect\begin{chess} 6.: Na5\protect\end{chess}]}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess}  5.:  d5 6. Bd3 d*e4\protect\end{chess} 7. }

{\bf Bxe\protect\begin{chess}4 Bd6\protect\end{chess}}

with equality.


\chapter{
Example Games
}
\section{
Max Lange Attack
}
\subsection{
Euwe - Reti (Amsterdam) 1920
}
{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. d4 e*d4 5. O-O N*e4 6. Re1 d5 7. B*d5 Q*d5
8. Nc3 Qa5 9. N*d4 N*d4 10. Q*d4 f5 11. Bg5 Qc5\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*b*kb r}
{ppp * pp}
{ * * * *}
{* q *pB }
{ * Qn* *}
{* N * * }
{PPP* PPP}
{R * R K }
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 12. Qd8+ Kf7 13. N*e4 f*e4 14. Rad1 Bd6 15. Q*h8 Q*g5 16. f4 Qh4\protect\end{chess} 17. }

{\bf Rxe4}


\board{r*b* * Q}
{ppp *kpp}
{ * b * *}
{* * * * }
{ * *RP q}
{* * * * }
{PPP* *PP}
{* *R* K }
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 17.:  Bh3 18. Q*a8 Bc5+ 19. Kh1 B*g2+ 20. K*g2 Qg4+\protect\end{chess}}


\board{Q* * * *}
{ppp *kpp}
{ * * * *}
{* b * * }
{ * *RPq*}
{* * * * }
{PPP* *KP}
{* *R* * }
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 21. Kf1 Qf3+ 22. Ke1 Qf2\#\protect\end{chess} }

{\bf 0-1}


\subsection{
Estrin - Riskin (Moscow) 1963
}
{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. d4 e*d4 5. O-O N*e4 6. Re1 d5 7. B*d5 Q*d5
8. Nc3 Qa5 9. N*e4 Be6 10. Bd2 Qf5 11. Bg5\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r* *kb r}
{ppp *ppp}
{ *n*b* *}
{* * *qB }
{ * pN* *}
{* * *N* }
{PPP* PPP}
{R *QR K }
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 11.:  h6 12. Bh4 g5 13. N*d4 N*d4 14. Q*d4 g*h4 15. Nf6+ Ke7 16. Nd5+\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r* * b r}
{ppp kp* }
{ * *b* p}
{* *N*q* }
{ * Q * p}
{* * * * }
{PPP* PPP}
{R * R K }
$$\showboard$$


{\bf  1-0}




\section{
Main Line Two Knights' Defence
}

\subsection{
Bibikov - Neishtadt (USSR) 1946
}
{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. Ng5 d5 5. e*d5 Na5 6. Bb5+ c6 7. d*c6
b*c6\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bqkb r}
{p * *ppp}
{ *p* n *}
{nB* p N }
{ * * * *}
{* * * * }
{PPPP PPP}
{RNBQK *R}
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 8. Be2 h6 9. Nf3 e4 10. Ne5 Bd6 11. f4 e*f3 12. N*f3 Qc7 13. d4 Ng4\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*b*k* r}
{p q *pp }
{ *pb * p}
{n * * * }
{ * P *n*}
{* * *N* }
{PPP*B*PP}
{RNBQK *R}
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 14. Nc3 B*h2 15. N*h2 Qg3+ 16. Kd2 Nc4+ 17. B*c4 Qe3\#\protect\end{chess}}


\subsection{
Hoffer-Unknown, 1913
}
{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. Ng5 d5 5. e*d5 Na5 6. Bb5+ c6 7. d*c6
b*c6\protect\end{chess}}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 8. Qf3\protect\end{chess} }

Black chooses an unusual reply which goes badly wrong.

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 8.:  Qb6 9. Nc3 Be7 10. d3 h6 11. Be3 Qc7 12. Nd5 N*d5 13. Q*f7+ Kd8\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bk * r}
{p q bQp }
{ *p* * p}
{nB*np N }
{ * * * *}
{* *PB * }
{PPP* PPP}
{R * K *R}
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 14. Q*d5+ c*d5 15. Nf7\#\protect\end{chess} }
\section{
Wilkes-Barre Variation
}
{\bf  WARNING }

{\bf These games contain uncut scenes of chess violence.  Do not play through
them late at night, or in the presence of sensitive adults.}
\subsection{
Neikirch - Halir (Corr) 1969
}
{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. Ng5 Bc5 5. N*f7 B*f2+ 6. K*f2 N*e4+\protect\end{chess} }

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 7. Kg1\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bqk* r}
{pppp*Npp}
{ *n* * *}
{* * p * }
{ *B*n* *}
{* * * * }
{PPPP *PP}
{RNBQ* KR}
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 7.:  Qh4 8. g3 N*g3\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*b*k* r}
{pppp*Npp}
{ *n* * *}
{* * p * }
{ *B* * q}
{* * * n }
{PPPP * P}
{RNBQ* KR}
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 9. N*h8 d5 10. B*d5 Bh3 11. c3 Nd4 12. Bf3 O-O\protect\end{chess}-O\protect\begin{chess} 13. Nf7 Rf8\protect\end{chess}}


\board{ *k* r *}
{ppp *Npp}
{ * * * *}
{* * p * }
{ * n * q}
{* P *Bnb}
{PP P * P}
{RNBQ* KR}
$$\showboard$$


{\bf  0-1}




\subsection{
Estrin-Zaitsev, 1969
}
{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. Ng5 Bc5\protect\end{chess}}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5. B*f7+ Ke7 6. Bd5\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bq * r}
{ppppk pp}
{ *n* n *}
{* bBp N }
{ * *P* *}
{* * * * }
{PPPP PPP}
{RNBQK *R}
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 6.:  d6 7. c3 Rf8 8. d4 e*d4\protect\end{chess} }

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 9. B*c6 b*c6 10. O-O d*c3 11. N*c3 h6\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bq r *}
{p p k p }
{ *pp n p}
{* b * N }
{ * *P* *}
{* N * * }
{PP * PPP}
{R BQ*RK }
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 12. Qe2 Bg4 13. Nf3 Nd7 14. h3 B*f3 15. g*f3 g5 16. Be3 Ne5 17. B*c5 d*c5
18. Kg2 R*f3 19. Rh1 Qg8\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r* * *q*}
{p p k * }
{ *p* * p}
{* p n p }
{ * *P* *}
{* N *r*P}
{PP *QPK*}
{R * * *R}
$$\showboard$$


White resigned, seeing no way to stop the threats of  ...Raf8 and ...g4,
combined with perhaps ...c4-c3 and ...Nd3.  Estrin was world correspondence
champion, and has published a book on the Wilkes-Barre Variation!


\subsection{
Estrin-Weiss,1972 
}
{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. Ng5 Bc5 5. B*f7+ Ke7 6. Bd5 Nb4 7. d4 e*d4
8. O-O Nb*d5 9. e*d5 Re8 10. Qd3 h6 11. Qg6 h*g5 12. Q*g7+ Kd6 13. B*g5 Rf8 14.
c4 d*c3 15. N*c3\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bq r *}
{pppp* Q }
{ * k n *}
{* bP* B }
{ * * * *}
{* N * * }
{PP * PPP}
{R * *RK }
$$\showboard$$


Black resigns, for if\protect\begin{chess} 15.:  Bd4 16. Nb5+ K*d5 17. N*d4,\protect\end{chess} and the King will die
in the centre of the arena.




\subsection{
Kunz-Hentzgen, Corr.1973
}
{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. Ng5 Bc5 5. N*f7 B*f2+ 6. Kf1 Qe7 7. N*h8
d5 8. e*d5 Bg4 9. Be2 B*e2+ 10. Q*e2 Nd4 11. Q*f2 O-O\protect\end{chess}-O\protect\begin{chess} 12. Ke1 Ne4 13. Qf7
Qh4+ 14. Kf1\protect\end{chess}}


\board{ *kr * N}
{ppp *Qpp}
{ * * * *}
{* *Pp * }
{ * nn* q}
{* * * * }
{PPPP *PP}
{RNB *K*R}
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 14.:  Qg4\protect\end{chess} }

White resigns


\subsection{
Wirtz - Fahnenschmidt (Marburg) 1955
}
{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 4. Ng5 Bc5\protect\end{chess}}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 5. N*f7 B*f2+\protect\end{chess}}

{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 6. K*f2 N*e4+\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r*bqk* r}
{pppp*Npp}
{ *n* * *}
{* * p * }
{ *B*n* *}
{* * * * }
{PPPP KPP}
{RNBQ* *R}
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 7. Ke3 Qe7 8. K*e4 d5+ 9. B*d5 Qh4+ 10. g4 B*g4 11. B*c6+\protect\end{chess}}


\board{r* *k* r}
{ppp *Npp}
{ *B* * *}
{* * p * }
{ * *K*bq}
{* * * * }
{PPPP * P}
{RNBQ* *R}
$$\showboard$$


{\bf\protect\begin{chess} 11.:  Bd7+ 12. Ke3 Qd4+ 13. Ke2 b*c6 14. Rg1 Bg4+ 15. R*g4 Q*g4+ 16. Ke1
Qh4+ 17. Kf1 O-O 18. Qe2 R*f7+ 19. Kg1 Raf8 20. d3 Rf2\protect\end{chess} }


\board{ * * rk*}
{p p * pp}
{ *p* * *}
{* * p * }
{ * * * q}
{* *P* * }
{PPP*Qr P}
{RNB * K }
$$\showboard$$


White resigns




\end{document}